Gloria K. Fiero, “Renaissance Artists: Disciples of Nature, Masters of Invention” in The Humanistic Tradition, Vol. 1, 4th ed. (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2002), 394-418.
Jonathan Fineberg, "Introduction" in Art Since 1940: Strategies of Being, 2nd ed. (Prentis Hall: Upper Saddle River, 2000), 14-17.
The transition from Renaissance brilliance to modern abstraction illustrates not just a change in techniques and styles, but also a deep shift in the concept of what art may and should be. Gustave Courbet's Realism in the nineteenth century challenged traditional aesthetics by emphasizing the beauty of the ordinary and the dignity of everyday existence. Courbet's concentration on painting only what he could see paved the door for the democratization of art subjects, moving away from the idealized and toward a more realistic, unadorned reality.
This spirit of creativity was reflected in Vincent van Gogh's post-Impressionist canvases, which were brimming with emotion and color. Van Gogh's painting goes beyond just visual enjoyment, providing a window into the psyche of an artist grappling with the difficulties of the human condition. His chaotic brushstrokes and vivid color choices transport viewers to a highly intimate domain, making each piece an emotional investigation of emotion and perception.
The creativity of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, two towering luminaries of the Renaissance, set the groundwork for this progression. Their remarkable knowledge of form and anatomy, along with an intense curiosity about the universe, exemplified the Renaissance ideal of the artist as both creator and philosopher. Jan van Eyck's groundbreaking use of oil paint and precise attention to detail ushered in a new era of realism and depth, paving the way for centuries of artistic creativity.
Artists like as Courbet and Van Gogh, with their revolutionary ideas, not only questioned traditional rules but also expanded the boundaries of artistic expression. Their legacies, combined with those of Renaissance giants such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, demonstrate art's ongoing ability to reflect and alter human experience.
GRQ:
1. Portraiture
2. window
3. linear perspective
4. aerial perspective
5. Masaccio
6. Brunelleschi
7. Jan
8. Leonardo
9. The School of Athens, Birth of Venus
10. Birth of Venus
11. Stonebreakers
12. David
13. modern
14. "Avant-garde"
15. autonomous
16. "kitsch"
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